> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.nomn.jp/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Reflections and Diffusion

> Three timed groups of early reflections and a nested allpass diffusion chain

# Reflections and Diffusion

The REFLECTIONS tab holds two stages, each under its own header: **REFLECTIONS  MIX** for the early reflections and **DIFFUSION  MIX** for the diffusion chain. Each has its own MIX and BYPASS, and one SOLO covers both.

## REFLECTIONS

Three groups of early reflections follow one another in time, each in its own window with its own level: near (close walls, 6 reflections), mid (room boundaries, 12) and late (distant surfaces, 24). Within each window the reflections are evenly spaced, and each one arrives from its own direction.

| Control | Range | Default | What it does |
| - | - | - | - |
| **near level** | -24 to 0 dB | -6 dB | Level of the near group. |
| **mid level** | -24 to 0 dB | -9 dB | Level of the mid group. |
| **late level** | -24 to 0 dB | -12 dB | Level of the late group. |
| **near end** | 5 to 80 ms | 20 ms | When the near window closes. The near group starts at 1 ms. |
| **mid end** | 20 to 200 ms | 60 ms | When the mid window closes. The mid group starts at **near end**. |
| **late end** | 60 to 400 ms | 120 ms | When the late window closes. The late group starts at **mid end**, and after it the reflections hand over to the late tail. |

All six controls are in the EXPERT view. In MINIMAL the **Reflections** macro moves the three levels together.

The stage adds the reflections to the signal passing through it, so its MIX sets the reflections' level.

## DIFFUSION

A chain of nested allpass filters smears the signal in time without changing its level, blurring the individual reflections into a diffuse cloud.

| Control | Range | Default | What it does |
| - | - | - | - |
| **stages** | 1 to 12 | 12 | Number of allpass stages. More stages decorrelate more and use more CPU. *EXPERT view.* |
| **smear length** | 2 to 40 ms | 15 ms | Longest allpass delay. Longer sounds more like a room; shorter sounds more like a plate. *EXPERT view.* |

In MINIMAL the **Room** macro on this card moves **smear length** together with the three **end** times of the REFLECTIONS card.

On a stereo output diffusion sits in series in the audible chain. On a multichannel output it shapes only the signal feeding the late tail. See [Signal Chain](/antiverb/interface/signal-chain).


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